A dislocated shoulder is one of the most common joint injuries and can be incredibly painful, requiring immediate medical attention and careful rehabilitation. This injury happens when the upper arm bone, or humerus, is forced out of the shoulder socket. Due to its extensive range of motion, the shoulder joint is inherently more vulnerable to dislocation than other, less mobile joints. Orthopedic instruments and implants are often used in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of shoulder dislocations, ensuring that the joint is safely restored and can heal effectively. Understanding the causes of shoulder dislocation is essential for both prevention and recovery. Below are the primary reasons why a shoulder may become dislocated.

Causes of Shoulder Dislocation

Traumatic Impact or Injury

Dislocated shoulders are primarily caused by forceful trauma, often resulting from high-impact collisions. Athletes in contact sports like football, rugby, and hockey are particularly susceptible to this injury. The force exerted on the shoulder joint during a collision can cause it to pop out of the socket, leading to dislocation. Similarly, high-speed accidents, like car crashes, are also known to cause dislocated shoulders due to their significant impact on the body. When the body comes to a sudden halt or experiences a rapid change in direction, the shoulder joint can be forced out of place.

Falls and Accidental Slips

Falls, particularly on an outstretched arm, are another frequent cause of shoulder dislocation. People often instinctively extend their arms to break a fall. This action, combined with the sudden impact, can push the shoulder joint out of alignment, especially if the fall is from a significant height or involves a considerable amount of force. This scenario is common among the elderly, who may have weaker bones and are more prone to slipping or losing their balance. In these cases, the fall alone is often sufficient to dislocate the shoulder.

Repetitive Strain and Overuse

Although less common than traumatic injuries, repetitive strain, and overuse can also contribute to shoulder dislocations, particularly in individuals who frequently engage in activities that require overhead arm motions. Swimmers, tennis players, and weightlifters are examples of individuals who may be at risk due to the repetitive nature of their activities. Over time, continuous stress on the shoulder can weaken the ligaments and muscles that stabilize the joint. Eventually, the joint may become unstable, making it more susceptible to dislocation. This cause is often seen in those with less severe dislocations where the shoulder partially slides out of the socket, a condition known as a subluxation.

Weak or Stretched Ligaments and Muscles

Ligaments and muscles are crucial for keeping the shoulder joint stable, and any weakening or stretching in these tissues can lead to a dislocated shoulder. Weakness in the shoulder muscles or laxity in the ligaments can arise from previous injuries, genetic predispositions, or conditions that cause joint hypermobility. For instance, people with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects connective tissues, have loose joints that are more prone to dislocations. In such cases, even minor force can lead to shoulder dislocation because the supporting structures are not able to maintain the joint’s alignment.

Improper Lifting Techniques

Improper lifting techniques, especially while handling heavy objects, can also increase the risk of shoulder dislocation. If a person tries to lift a weight beyond their capacity or performs lifting motions without proper form, the strain on the shoulder joint can be excessive. This pressure may force the joint out of its natural alignment. This is a common issue in manual labor and bodybuilding activities, where lifting without guidance or overestimating one’s strength can lead to shoulder instability and potential dislocation.

Previous Shoulder Dislocations

A dislocated shoulder is more prone to future dislocations. Repeated dislocations can weaken the joint structures, making the shoulder less stable and more prone to injury. In cases of recurrent dislocations, even minor activities like reaching for an object or turning suddenly can cause the shoulder to dislocate. To address recurrent dislocations, medical professionals often recommend physical therapy to strengthen the shoulder or, in severe cases, surgical interventions to stabilize the joint.

Anatomical Variations

Certain anatomical variations in the shoulder joint can make some people more susceptible to dislocation. For example, a person with a shallower shoulder socket has less bone stability, making it easier for the humerus to slip out of place. This variation can be congenital or acquired due to aging, as joint structures gradually wear down over time. People with these anatomical characteristics may need to take extra precautions, especially when engaging in activities that involve high impact or repetitive shoulder movements.

Lack of Proper Warm-Up

A lack of adequate warm-up before engaging in physical activities can also lead to a dislocated shoulder. When muscles and joints are cold or stiff, they are more susceptible to injury. Stretching and gradually warming up increase blood flow and flexibility, preparing the shoulder joint for activity. Without these preparations, the shoulder joint may not respond as well to sudden movements or impacts, leading to a dislocation.

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing shoulder dislocations involves understanding risk factors and taking steps to strengthen the shoulder. Regular exercise that targets shoulder stability and flexibility is crucial, especially for those at a higher risk due to sports or work activities. In the event of a dislocation, medical professionals use orthopedic instruments to guide the joint back into place safely. Afterward, patients are typically advised to engage in physical therapy, focusing on strengthening the shoulder muscles and ligaments to prevent future injuries.

In conclusion, the causes of shoulder dislocation range from traumatic impacts to repetitive strain, with risk factors like weak ligaments, improper lifting, and anatomical variations playing significant roles. By understanding these causes, individuals can take preventive measures to protect their shoulders and maintain joint stability over time.

Siora Surgicals Pvt. Ltd. is a renowned manufacturer and supplier of a CE-certified range of trauma implants globally. The company is looking to expand its market reach by being counted as a leading Supplier for Orthopedic Implants in Turkiye.